| Annotated protein: | Neuroligin-4, X-linked (Neuroligin X) (HNLX). Gene symbol: NLGN4X. Taxonomy: Homo sapiens (Human). Uniprot ID: Q8N0W4 |
| antibody wiki: | |
| SynGO gene info: | SynGO data @ NLGN4X |
| Ontology domain: | Cellular Component |
| SynGO term: | integral component of postsynaptic specialization membrane (GO:0099060) |
| Synapse type(s): | cerebral cortex, GABAergic |
| Annotated paper: | Marro SG, et al. "Neuroligin-4 Regulates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Human Neurons" Neuron. 2019 Aug 21;103(4):617-626.e6 PMID:31257103 |
| Figure(s): | Figure 1, S1 |
| Annotation description: | HA-NLGN4 (knocked into human NLGN4 gene at C-terminal to the extracellular sequence) subcellular localization was investigated in mixed cultures of excitatory and inhibitory neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Figure 1k, S1k: confocal imaging of immunofluorescence labeling for Homer1, PSD-95 (DLG4), VGAT and VGLUT revealed that more than 80% of excitatory synapses were occupied by NLGN4-HA signal whereas less than 40% of inhibitory synapses were NLGN4-HA positive. Figure 1L, S1L: super-resolution microscopy (STORM) imaging with markers for pre- (Synapsin-1) and post- (PSD-95) synaptic compartments showed postsynaptic localization for NLGN4. Authors summarized their NLGN4 localization results as "we found that the NLGN4 expression pattern differs between mouse and human brain with predominant expression of human NLGN4 in cortex, that human neurons derived from ESCs produce cell type-dependent levels of NLGN4 and that the majority of synaptic human NLGN4 is localized to excitatory synapses." Based on the known transmembrane topology of this protein, "integral component of ... membrane" term was selected. Authors also reflect on their findings of Figures 3 and S3 as "This observation is consistent with our imaging data (Figure 1L) and with the notion that neuroligins are adhesion proteins of the postsynaptic membrane (Graf et al., 2004, Song et al., 1999)." |
| Evidence tracking, Biological System: | Cultured neurons |
| Evidence tracking, Protein Targeting: | Genetic transformation (eg; knockout, knockin, mutations) |
| Evidence tracking, Experiment Assay: | Super resolution Confocal |
| Annotator(s): | Frank Koopmans (ORCID:0000-0002-4973-5732) Guus Smit (ORCID:0000-0002-2286-1587) Matthijs Verhage (ORCID:0000-0002-2514-0216) |
| Lab: | Department of Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
| SynGO annotation ID: | 5000 |
| Dataset release (version): | 20231201 |
| View annotation as GO-CAM model: |  |