Annotated protein:	Triple functional domain protein (EC 2.7.11.1) (PTPRF-interacting protein). Gene symbol: TRIO. Taxonomy: Homo sapiens (Human). Uniprot ID: O75962
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SynGO gene info:	SynGO data @ TRIO
Ontology domain:	Cellular Component
SynGO term:	presynaptic active zone (GO:0048786)
Synapse type(s):	hippocampus
Annotated paper:	Terry-Lorenzo RT, et al. "Trio, a Rho Family GEF, Interacts with the Presynaptic Active Zone Proteins Piccolo and Bassoon" PLoS One. 2016 Dec 1;11(12):e0167535 PMID:27907191
Figure(s):	fig 1c, 2, 3, 4a, 5b, 6, 7
Annotation description:	From Results section: "Similar to PSD-95, the CAZ proteins Piccolo, Bassoon, and ELKS2 were enriched in the synaptic junctional preparations (Fig 1C). Intriguingly, the FL, 9L, and 9S isoforms of Trio were also highly enriched in these preparations (Fig 1C). These results suggest that, while most Trio isoforms were down regulated during brain development (Fig 1B), the high molecular weight Trio isoforms (FL, 9S, 9L) that continue to be expressed in the adult brain were highly enriched in synaptic junctions (Fig 1C)." "Qualitatively, most Trio puncta were observed to co-localize with Piccolo and PSD-95 positive puncta (arrows in Fig 2B). In a quantitative assessment, we found that ~75% of PSD-95-positive Piccolo puncta were Trio positive, while less than 50% of PSD-95-negative Piccolo puncta were Trio positive (Fig 2D, left panel)." (...) "Similar results were obtained when the experiment was performed with antibodies to Synaptophysin and PSD-95 (Fig 2C and 2D), supporting the concept that a significant fraction of the longer Trio isoforms are localized at synapses in mature neurons." "In this analysis, GFP-Trio-FL exhibited a punctate pattern in the cell soma and dendrites, yet appeared excluded from the nucleus (Fig 3A). At higher magnification, GFP-Trio-FL clearly localized to dendritic shafts and spines (arrowhead in panel B)(Fig 3A and 3B). It was also present in axons (Fig 3A and 3C)" (...) "In the distal axon, GFP-Trio-FL was found in distinct puncta that frequently co-localized with Piccolo adjacent to the MAP2-labeled dendrites of untransfected neurons (arrows in Fig 3C). This analysis demonstrated that Trio, when expressed exogenously in mature cultured neurons, not only localized within dendritic spines, but also localized within presynaptic terminals" "When expressed alone, Myc-Trio-FL was distributed throughout the cell body, decorating the cell periphery in a striated pattern (Fig 4A, second row). Quite strikingly, when the two proteins were co-expressed, GFP-Bassoon retained its punctual distribution, and Myc-Trio-FL was recruited to these puncta, strongly colocalizing with GFP-Bassoon (Fig 4A, third row)." "Here, anti-Myc antibodies were used to IP Myc-Trio and the presence of GFP-Bassoon assessed by probing Western blots with antibodies against GFP (Fig 5B). In this assay, GFP-Bassoon was co-immunoprecipitated with Myc-Trio-FL (Fig 5B)." "To assess the ability of recombinant segments of Trio to become stably associated with the CAZ, transfected neurons were fixed in methanol, a condition that retains cytoskeletal proteins (including Piccolo and Bassoon [43]), but extracts soluble cytoplasmic proteins. Importantly, while GFP-Trio-FL was retained within presynaptic boutons following methanol fixation,..." 18/3/2018 Pim Fig.6:
Evidence tracking, Biological System:	Intact tissue Cultured neurons Non-neuronal tissue
Evidence tracking, Protein Targeting:	Over-expression Antibody (detection)
Evidence tracking, Experiment Assay:	Confocal Western blot Biochemical fractionation (generic) IP + WB/MSMS
Annotator(s):	Rita Reig-Viader (ORCID:0000-0002-6893-6177) Àlex Bayés (ORCID:0000-0002-5265-6306)
Lab:	Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain and and Universitat Autnoma de Cerdanyola del Valls, Spain Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra
SynGO annotation ID:	2922
Dataset release (version):	20231201
View annotation as GO-CAM model: