| Annotated protein: | ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (EC 3.6.5.2). Gene symbol: ARF6. Taxonomy: Rattus norvegicus (Rat). Uniprot ID: P62332 |
| antibody wiki: | |
| SynGO gene info: | SynGO data @ ARF6 |
| Ontology domain: | Biological Process |
| SynGO term: | regulation of presynapse assembly (GO:1905606) |
| Synapse type(s): | hippocampus, glutamatergic |
| Annotated paper: | Choi S, et al. "ARF6 and EFA6A regulate the development and maintenance of dendritic spines" J Neurosci. 2006 May 3;26(18):4811-9 PMID:16672654 |
| Figure(s): | fig 2, 5, 6 |
| Annotation description: | EFA6A promotes spine formation through ARF6 activation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Knockdown of EFA6A and ARF 21/2/2018 Pim Fig.2: "ARF6 promotes spine formation" - "ARF6 T157A increased the linear density of dendritic spines (defined as dendritic protrusions of 0.4-3 μm in length with or without a head), with a concomitant decrease in the density of filopodia (defined as dendritic protrusions of 3-10 μm in length) and hence no change in the density of total dendritic protrusions (spine plus filopodia) (Fig. 2A-D). ARF6 T157A also decreased the length of dendritic protrusions (Fig. 2E,H) and increased the localization of PSD-95 in dendritic spines (Fig. 2G)." Fig.5: "Knockdown of EFA6A and ARF6 by siRNA results in a decrease in spine formation" - Knockdown of ARF6 in cultured neurons (DIV 13-16) led to a decrease in spine density, with a concomitant increase in filopodia density (Fig. 5A-D), probably because of a reduced filopodia-to-spine conversion...Knockdown of EFA6A also resulted in similar changes, although to a lesser extent in some parameters, compared with ARF6 knockdown (Fig. 5A-J)." Fig.6: "ARF6 is required for the conversion of filopodia to spines and stabilization of early spines" - " ARF6 knockdown markedly decreased the percentage of filopodia converted to spines (Fig. 6D), indicating that ARF6 is required for filopodia-to-spine conversion. When spines were monitored, ARF6 knockdown increased the percentage of spines disappeared but did not affect that converted to filopodia (Fig. 6E), indicating that ARF6 is required for the stabilization of early spines, in addition to filopodia-to-spine conversion." Note: since ARF6 acts via actin cytoskeleton (Rac1 mediated) I think the regulation is from going from a filopodium to a spine. I do not consider the filopodium a synapse. Hence, I categorized the role of ARF6in synapse assembly rather synapse maturation. |
| Evidence tracking, Biological System: | Cultured neurons |
| Evidence tracking, Protein Targeting: | RNAi / shRNA Over-expression |
| Evidence tracking, Experiment Assay: | Confocal |
| Annotator(s): | Hwajin Jung (ORCID:0000-0001-6194-9648) Eunjoon Kim (ORCID:0000-0001-5518-6584) |
| Lab: | Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea |
| SynGO annotation ID: | 2681 |
| Dataset release (version): | 20231201 |
| View annotation as GO-CAM model: |  |